Method for implanting soft tissue

ABSTRACT

A suture construction and method for forming a suture construction is disclosed. The construction utilizes a suture having an enlarged central body portion defining a longitudinal passage. First and second ends of the suture are passed through first and second apertures associated with the longitudinal passage to form a pair of loops. Portions of the suture lay parallel to each other within the suture. Application of tension onto the suture construction causes constriction of the longitudinal passage, thus preventing relative motions of the captured portions of the suture.

FIELD

The present disclosure relates to suture loop constructions and, more particularly, to a locking suture loop construction and a method of its construction.

BACKGROUND

The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not constitute prior art.

It is commonplace in arthroscopic procedures to employ sutures and anchors to secure soft tissues to bone. Despite their widespread use, several improvements in the use of sutures and suture anchors can be made. For example, the procedure of tying knots can be very time consuming, thereby increasing the cost of the procedure and limiting the capacity of the surgeon. Furthermore, the strength of the repair may be limited by the strength of the knot. This latter drawback may be of particular significance if the knot is tied improperly as the strength of the knot in such situations can be significantly lower than the tensile strength of the suture material.

To overcome this problem, sutures having a single preformed loop have been provided. FIG. 1 represents a prior art suture construction. As shown, one end of the suture is passed through a passage defined in the suture itself. The application of tension to the ends of the suture pulls a portion of the suture through the passage, causing a loop formed in the suture to close. Unfortunately, relaxation of the system can allow a portion of the suture to translate back through the passage, thus relieving the desired tension.

It is an object of the present teachings to provide an alternative device for anchoring sutures to bone and soft tissue. The device, which is relatively simple in design and structure, is highly effective for its intended purpose.

SUMMARY

To overcome the aforementioned deficiencies, a method for configuring a braided tubular suture and a suture configuration are disclosed. The method includes passing a first end of the suture through a first aperture into a passage defined by the suture and out a second aperture defined by the suture so as to place the first end outside of the passage. A second end of the suture is passed through the second aperture into the passage and out the first aperture so as to place the second end outside of the passage.

In another embodiment, a method for configuring a braided suture is disclosed. The method includes passing a first end of the suture through the first aperture defined between the pair of fibers defining the suture and into a longitudinal passage defined by the suture. The first end of the suture is then passed through a second aperture defined between a second pair of fibers so as to place the first end outside of the longitudinal passage. A second end of the suture is passed through a third aperture defined between a third pair of fibers and into the longitudinal passage. The second end is passed through an aperture defined by a fourth pair of fibers so as to place the second end outside of the longitudinal passage.

In another embodiment, a suture anchor construction is provided comprising a suture and a suture anchor defining a bore. The suture has first and second ends and defines an interior longitudinal passage portion, and first and second depending apertures disposed between the first and second ends. The first end is placed through the first and second apertures so as to place a first portion within the longitudinal passage portion, and the second end is placed through the second and first aperture so as to place a second portion within a first portion of the longitudinal passage portion. The first portion is at least partially disposed with the bore. The suture anchor can be one of a screw, a plate, and a cannulated member.

In another embodiment, a suture construction is provided having a suture with first and second ends and an enlarged central portion defining an interior longitudinal passage. First and second passage depending apertures are disposed between the first and second ends. The first end being placed through the first and second apertures so as to place a first portion of the suture within the longitudinal passage. The second end being placed through the second and first aperture so as to place a second portion of the suture within the longitudinal passage.

Further areas of applicability will become apparent from the description provided herein. It should be understood that the description and specific examples are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.

DRAWINGS

The drawings described herein are for illustration purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure in any way.

FIG. 1 represents a prior art suture configuration;

FIGS. 2A and 2B represent suture constructions according to the teachings;

FIG. 3 represents the formation of the suture configuration shown in FIG. 2A;

FIGS. 4A and 4B represent alternate suture configurations;

FIGS. 5-7 represent further alternate suture configurations;

FIG. 8 represents the suture construction according to FIG. 5 coupled to a bone engaging fastener;

FIGS. 9, 10, 11A, and 11B represent the coupling of the suture construction according to FIG. 5 to a bone screw;

FIGS. 12A-12E represent the coupling of a soft tissue to an ACL replacement in a femoral/humeral reconstruction; and

FIGS. 13A-13D represent a close-up view of the suture shown in FIGS. 1-11C.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the present disclosure, application, or uses. It should be understood that throughout the drawings, corresponding reference numerals indicate like or corresponding parts and features.

FIG. 2A represents a suture construction 20 according to the present teachings. Shown is a suture 22 having a first end 24 and a second end 26. The suture 22 is formed of a braided body 28 that defines a longitudinally formed hollow passage 30 therein. First and second apertures 32 and 34 are defined in the braided body 28 at first and second locations of the longitudinally formed passage 30.

Briefly referring to FIG. 3 , a first end 24 of the suture 22 is passed through the first aperture 32 and through longitudinal passage 30 formed by a passage portion, and out the second aperture 34. The second end 26 is passed through the second aperture 34, through the passage 30 and out the first aperture 32. This forms two loops 46 and 46′. As seen in FIG. 28 , the relationship of the first and second apertures 32 and 34 with respect to the first and second ends 24 and 26 can be modified so as to allow a bow-tie suture construction 36. As described below, the longitudinal and parallel placement of first and second suture portions 38 and 40 of the suture 22 within the longitudinal passage 30 resists the reverse relative movement of the first and second portions 38 and 40 of the suture once it is tightened.

The first and second apertures are formed during the braiding process as loose portions between pairs of fibers defining the suture. As further described below, the first and second ends 24 and 26 can be passed through the longitudinal passage 30 multiple times. It is envisioned that either a single or multiple apertures can be formed at the ends of the longitudinally formed passage.

As best seen in FIGS. 4A and 4B, a portion of the braided body 28 of the suture defining the longitudinal passage 30 can be braided so as to have a diameter larger than the diameter of the first and second ends 24 and 26. Additionally shown are first through fourth apertures 32, 34, 42, and 44. These apertures can be formed in the braiding process or can be formed during the construction process. In this regard, the apertures 32, 34, 42, and 44 are defined between adjacent fibers in the braided body 28. As shown in FIG. 4B, and described below, it is envisioned the sutures can be passed through other biomedically compatible structures.

FIGS. 5-7 represent alternate constructions wherein a plurality of loops 46 a-d are formed by passing the first and second ends 24 and 26 through the longitudinal passage 30 multiple times. The first and second ends 24 and 26 can be passed through multiple or single apertures defined at the ends of the longitudinal passage 30. The tensioning of the ends 24 and 26 cause relative translation of the sides of the suture with respect to each other.

Upon applying tension to the first and second ends 24 and 26 of the suture 22, the size of the loops 46 a-d is reduced to a desired size or load. At this point, additional tension causes the body of the suture defining the longitudinal passage 30 to constrict about the parallel portions of the suture within the longitudinal passage 30. This constriction reduces the diameter of the longitudinal passage 30, thus forming a mechanical interface between the exterior surfaces of the first and second parallel portions as well as the interior surface of the longitudinal passage 30.

As seen in FIGS. 8-11 , the suture construction can be coupled to various biocompatible hardware. In this regard, the suture construction 20 can be coupled to an aperture 52 of the bone engaging fastener 54. Additionally, it is envisioned that soft tissue or bone engaging members 56 can be fastened to one or two loops 46. After fixing the bone engaging fastener 54, the members 56 can be used to repair, for instance, a meniscal tear. The first and second ends 24, 26 are then pulled, setting the tension on the loops 46, thus pulling the meniscus into place. Additionally, upon application of tension, the longitudinal passage 30 is constricted, thus preventing the relaxation of the tension caused by relative movement of the first and second parallel portions 38, 40, within the longitudinal passage 30.

As seen in FIGS. 9-11B, the loops 46 can be used to fasten the suture construction 20 to multiple types of prosthetic devices. As described further below, the suture 22 can further be used to repair and couple soft tissues in an anatomically desired position. Further, retraction of the first and second ends allows a physician to adjust the tension on the loops between the prosthetic devices.

FIG. 11 b represents the coupling of the suture construction according to FIG. 28 with a bone fastening member. Coupled to a pair of loops 46 and 46′ are tissue fastening members 56. The application of tension to either the first or second end 24 or 26 will tighten the loops 46 or 46′ separately.

FIGS. 12A-12E represent potential uses of the suture constructions 20 in FIGS. 2A-7 in an ACL repair. As can be seen in FIG. 12A, the longitudinal passage portion 30 of suture construction 20 can be first coupled to a fixation member 60. The member 60 can have a first profile which allows insertion of the member 60 through the tunnel and a second profile which allows engagement with a positive locking surface upon rotation. The longitudinal passage portion 30 of the suture construction 20, member 60, loops 46 and ends 24, 26 can then be passed through a femoral and tibial tunnel 62. The fixation member 60 is positioned or coupled to the femur. At this point, a natural or artificial ACL 64 can be passed through a loop or loops 46 formed in the suture construction 20. Tensioning of the first and second ends 24 and 26 applies tension to the loops 46, thus pulling the ACL 64 into the tunnel. In this regard, the first and second ends are pulled through the femoral and tibial tunnel, thus constricting the loops 46 about the ACL 64 (see FIG. 12B).

As shown, the suture construction 20 allows for the application of force along an axis 61 defining the femoral tunnel. Specifically, the orientation of the suture construction 20 and, more specifically, the orientation of the longitudinal passage portion 30, the loops 46, and ends 24, 26 allow for tension to be applied to the construction 20 without applying non-seating forces to the fixation member 60. As an example, should the loops 24, 26 be positioned at the member 60, application of forces to the ends 24, 26 may reduce the seating force applied by the member 60 onto the bone.

As best seen in FIG. 12C, the body portion 28 and parallel portions 38, 40 of the suture construction 20 remain disposed within to the fixation member 60. Further tension of the first ends draws the ACL 64 up through the tibial component into the femoral component. In this way, suture ends can be used to apply appropriate tension onto the ACL 64 component. The ACL 64 is then fixed to the tibial component using a plug or screw as is known.

After feeding the ACL 64 through the loops 46, tensioning of the ends allows engagement of the ACL with bearing surfaces defined on the loops. The tensioning pulls the ACL 64 through a femoral and tibial tunnel. The ACL 64 could be further coupled to the femur using a transverse pin or plug. As shown in FIG. 12E, once the ACL is fastened to the tibia, further tensioning can be applied to the first and second ends 24, 26 placing a desired predetermined load on the ACL. This tension can be measured using a force gauge. This load is maintained by the suture configuration. It is equally envisioned that the fixation member 60 can be placed on the tibial component 66 and the ACL pulled into the tunnel through the femur. Further, it is envisioned that bone cement or biological materials may be inserted into the tunnel 62.

FIGS. 13A-13D represent a close-up of a portion of the suture 20. As can be seen, the portion of the suture defining the longitudinal passage 30 has a diameter d₁ which is larger than the diameter d₂ of the ends 24 and 26. The first aperture 32 is formed between a pair of fiber members. As can be seen, the apertures 32, 34 can be formed between two adjacent fiber pairs 68, 70. Further, various shapes can be braided onto a surface of the longitudinal passage 30.

The sutures are typically braided of from 8 to 16 fibers. These fibers are made of nylon or other biocompatible material. It is envisioned that the suture 22 can be formed of multiple type of biocompatible fibers having multiple coefficients of friction or size. Further, the braiding can be accomplished so that different portions of the exterior surface of the suture can have different coefficients of friction or mechanical properties. The placement of a carrier fiber having a particular surface property can be modified along the length of the suture so as to place it at varying locations within the braided constructions.

The description of the invention is merely exemplary in nature and, thus, variations that do not depart from the gist of the invention are intended to be within the scope of the invention. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of making a surgical construct, comprising: obtaining an elongate bone engaging fastener with a braided hollow core suture extending through an interior passage in the elongate bone engaging fastener, the braided hollow core suture including a longitudinal segment located between a first free end and a second free end of the braided hollow core suture, the first free end braided to have a first diameter, the longitudinal segment braided to have a second diameter that is larger than the first diameter with a gradual increase in diameter occurring along the braided hollow core suture between the first free end and the longitudinal segment; and forming an adjustable suture construct with the braided hollow cure suture as the braided hollow core suture is extending through the interior passage in the elongate bone engaging fastener, wherein said forming includes passing the first free end of the braided hollow core suture longitudinally through a longitudinal passage in the braided hollow core suture to form a first self-locking adjustable loop, wherein the longitudinal passage extends through the longitudinal segment of the braided hollow cure suture, and wherein, during said passing, at least part of the longitudinal passage is positioned within the interior passage in the elongate bone engaging fastener so that said passing also passes the first free end of the braided hollow core suture through the interior passage in the elongate bone engaging faster as the first self-locking adjustable loop is being formed, wherein said passing leaves at least a portion of the first self-locking adjustable loop extending away from a trailing end of the elongate bone engaging fastener, and wherein said passing leaves the first free end of the braided hollow core suture extending away from the trailing end of the elongate bone engaging fastener so that, from a location outside the elongate bone engaging fastener, the first free end is pullable for reducing a size of the first self-locking adjustable loop.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the second free end of the braided hollow core suture is also braided to have the first diameter.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein said passing leaves at least a portion of the first self-locking adjustable loop extending out of the elongate bone engaging fastener at the trailing end.
 4. The method of claim 3, wherein said passing leaves the braided hollow core suture extending down into the elongate bone engaging fastener through the trailing end of the elongate bone engaging fastener, around an interior portion of the elongate bone engaging fastener, and back out the elongate bone engaging fastener through the trailing end of the elongate bone engaging fastener.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the braided hollow core suture comprises a first aperture and a second aperture which are separate apertures in the braided hollow core suture and which occur successively along the braided hollow core suture such that, in a direction from the first free end to the second free end, the first aperture precedes the second aperture.
 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the first aperture and the second aperture are formed as loose portions between braided fibers.
 7. The method of claim 5, wherein formation of the first self-locking adjustable loop comprises passing the first free end of the braided hollow core suture into the longitudinal passage through the first aperture, longitudinally within the braided hollow core suture along the longitudinal passage, and out of the longitudinal passage through the second aperture.
 8. The method of claim 5, wherein formation of the first self-locking adjustable loop comprises passing the first free end of the braided hollow core suture into the longitudinal passage through the second aperture, longitudinally within the braided hollow core suture along the longitudinal passage, and out of the longitudinal passage through the first aperture.
 9. The method of claim 8, wherein said passing leaves at least a portion of the first self-locking adjustable loop extending out of the elongate bone engaging fastener at the trailing end.
 10. The method of claim 9, wherein said passing leaves the first free end of the braided hollow core suture extending out of the elongate bone engaging fastener at the trailing end.
 11. The method of claim 9, wherein, during said passing, the second aperture is positioned within the interior passage in the elongate bone engaging fastener.
 12. The method of claim 9, wherein, during said passing, the longitudinal passage extends longitudinally within the elongate bone engaging fastener.
 13. The method of claim 9, wherein, during said passing, the entirety of the longitudinal passage is positioned within the interior passage in the elongate bone engaging fastener.
 14. The method of claim 8, wherein, during said passing, the second aperture is positioned within the interior passage in the elongate bone engaging fastener.
 15. The method of claim 14, wherein, during said passing, the first aperture is positioned within the interior passage in the elongate bone engaging fastener.
 16. The method of claim 14, wherein, during said passing, the longitudinal passage extends longitudinally within the elongate bone engaging fastener.
 17. The method of claim 8, wherein, during said passing, the longitudinal passage extends longitudinally within the elongate bone engaging fastener.
 18. The method of claim 17, wherein, during said passing, the entirety of the longitudinal passage is positioned within the interior passage in the elongate bone engaging fastener.
 19. The method of claim 8, wherein, during said passing, the first aperture is positioned within the interior passage in the elongate bone engaging fastener.
 20. The method of claim 8, wherein, during said passing, the entirety of the longitudinal passage is positioned within the interior passage in the elongate bone engaging fastener.
 21. The method of claim 1, wherein the elongate bone engaging fastener is threaded.
 22. The method of claim 1, wherein, during said passing, the second aperture is positioned within the interior passage in the elongate bone engaging fastener.
 23. The method of claim 1, wherein, during said passing, the longitudinal passage extends longitudinally within the elongate bone engaging fastener.
 24. The method of claim 1, wherein, during said passing, the entirety of the longitudinal passage is positioned within the interior passage in the elongate bone engaging fastener.
 25. The method of claim 1, wherein said passing leaves the braided hollow core suture extending into the elongate bone engaging fastener, around an interior portion of the elongate bone engaging fastener, and back out the elongate bone engaging fastener. 